Shobhit Set 2014年11月8日
价格走势描述股票价格运动的特点。这个运动经常分析最近的价格变化。简单来说，价格走势是一个交易技术，允许交易员基于最近实际的价格运动解析市场做出交易决定，而不是单纯的依赖技术指标。
因为忽略了基本面分析而关注最近和过去的价格运动，价格走势交易策略依赖于技术分析工具。
使用什么工具进行价格走势交易？
因为价格走势交易涉及最近和历史数据以及价格运动，所有的技术分析工具都可以根据交易员的选择和策略进行使用，例如图表、趋势线、价格幅度、高低波动和技术层面。
交易员观察的工具和图表可以是简单的价格栏、价格幅度、突破、趋势线或者是复杂的烛台图、波动和价格的趋势的组合等。
心理和行为的后续动作也在价格走势交易中占很重要的地位。例如，无论发生什么，一支股票在580左右徘徊，而交易员的心理位置是600，那么他就会进行多仓操作。而其他交易员看法相反，一旦价格到达600，他们会进行空仓操作。
每个交易员对价格走势都有不同的理解。而就技术分析来说，多个交易员可能产生类似的结果。
从本质上来说，价格走势交易是一个系统交易实践，受助于技术分析工具和历史价格交易员在特定的环境中根据他们主观、行为和心理状态的做出自己的决定并进行交易。
谁使用价格走势交易？
因为价格走势是一个价格预测和投机买卖的方法，使用它的人是零售交易员、投机者、套利者和雇佣交易员的交易公司。它可以被广泛应用到股票、债券、外汇、大宗商品和衍生品上。
使用价格走势交易的步骤：
有经验的交易员保持多个选项识别交易模式、进出水平、止损和相关观察进行价格走势交易。仅仅一个策略可能不会提供足够多的交易机会。大多数情况包括一个两步的过程。
1）确定环境：例如一个股票价格进入上升/下跌阶段、区间交易、突破等。
2）在这个环境内，确定交易机会：例如一个股票正在上涨，它可能上涨或者回落。这完全是交易员的主观选择。
这有一些例子：
1）一只股票达到每个交易员预计的高点然后稍微回落。交易员可以认为它将形成一个双高点继续上升或者回落到平均值。
2）交易员基于低波动性和没有突破的假设为特定股票设定高点和低点。如果股票价格在这个范围内，交易员可以根据设定的高低点和支撑和阻力位进行交易，或者认为股票将进行突破。
3）当股票实现预定的突破，交易机会出现在突破继续或者返回原来的水平。
可以看到，价格走势交易和技术分析工具密切相关，但是最后由交易员自己做出决定，为其提供灵活的决定而不是严格的规则。
价格走势交易的流行
价格走势交易更适合中短期内的盈利交易，而不是长期投资。
大部份交易员相信市场是一个随机模式，没有明确的系统策略能够一直有效。通过结合技术分析工具和最近的价格运动并根据交易员自己的理解确定交易机会，价格走势交易在交易圈受到广泛欢迎。
优点包括自定义交易策略为交易员提供灵活性、适用于多种资产类别、易于应用到任何交易软件并且容易使用过去数据进行检查。最重要的是，交易员可以根据感觉的变化决定他们的交易，而不是盲目的跟从规则。
总结
价格走势交易上有许多理论和策略据说都能获得高成功率，但是交易员应该警惕幸存者误差，因为只有成功案例才会产生新闻。交易的确有获得客观利润的机会。每个交易员必须根据需求明确理解、测试、决定和行动才能获得最好的可能获利机会。
An Introduction To Price Action Trading Strategies
By Shobhit Seth | Updated November 08, 2014
Price Action describes the characteristics of a security’s price movements. This movement is quite often analyzed with respect to price changes in the recent past. In simple terms, price action is a trading technique that allows a trader to read the market and make subjective trading decisions based on the recent and actual price movements, rather than relying solely on technical indicators.
Since it ignores the fundamental analysis factors and focuses more on recent and past price movement, the price action trading strategy is dependent on technical analysis tools.
What tools are used for price action trading?
Since price action trading relates to recent historical data and past price movements, all technical analysis tools like charts, trend lines, price bands, high and low swings, technical levels (of support, resistance and consolidation), etc. are taken into account as per the trader’s choice and strategy fit.
The tools and patterns observed by the trader can be simple price bars, price bands, break-outs, trend-lines, or complex combinations involving candlesticks, volatility, channels, etc.
Psychological and behavioral interpretations and subsequent actions, as decided by the trader, also make up an important aspect of price action trades. For e.g., no matter what happens, if a stock hovering at 580 crosses the personally-set psychological level of 600, then the trader may assume a further upward move to take a long position. Other traders may have an opposite view – once 600 is hit, he or she assumes a price reversal and hence takes a short position.
No two traders will interpret a certain price action in the same way, as each will have his or her own interpretation, defined rules and different behavioral understanding of it. On the other hand, a technical analysis scenario (like 15 DMA crossing over 50 DMA) will yield similar behavior and action (long position) from multiple traders.
In essence, price action trading is a systematic trading practice, aided by technical analysis tools and recent price history, where traders are free to take their own decisions within a given scenario to take trading positions, as per their subjective, behavioral and psychological state.
Who uses price action trading?
Since price action trading is an approach to price predictions and speculation, it is used by retail traders, speculators, arbitrageurs and even trading firms who employ traders. It can be used on a wide range of securities including equities, bonds, forex, commodities, derivatives, etc.
Steps used in price action trading:
Most experienced traders following price action trading keep multiple options for recognizing trading patterns, entry and exit levels, stop-losses and related observations. Having just one strategy on one (or multiple) stocks may not offer sufficient trading opportunities. Most scenarios involve a two-step process:
1)Identifying a scenario: Like a stock price getting into a bull/bear phase, channel range, breakout, etc.
2) Within the scenario, identifying trading opportunities: Like once a stock is in bull run, is it likely to (a) overshoot or (b) retreat. This is a completely subjective choice and can vary from one trader to the other, even given the same identical scenario.
Here are a few examples:
1) A stock reaches its high as per the trader’s view and then retreats to a slightly lower level (scenario met). The trader can then decide whether he or she thinks it will form a double top to go higher, or drop further following a mean reversion.
2) The trader sets a floor and ceiling for a particular stock price based on the assumption of low volatility and no breakouts. If the stock price lies in this range (scenario met), the trader can take positions assuming the set floor/ceiling acting as support/resistance levels, or take an alternate view that the stock will breakout in either direction.
3) A defined breakout scenario being met and then trading opportunity existing in terms of breakout continuation (going further in the same direction) or breakout pull-back (returning to the past level)
As can be seen, price action trading is closely assisted by technical analysis tools, but the final trading call is dependent on the individual trader, offering him or her flexibility instead of enforcing a strict set of rules to be followed.
The popularity of price action trading
Price action trading is better suited for short-to-medium term limited profit trades, instead of long term investments.
Most traders believe that the market follows a random pattern and there is no clear systematic way to define a strategy that will always work. By combining the technical analysis tools with the recent price history to identify trade opportunities based on the trader’s own interpretation, price action trading has a lot of support in the trading community.
Advantages include self-defined strategies offering flexibility to traders, applicability to multiple asset classes, easy use with any trading software, applications and trading portals and the possibility of easy backtesting of any identified strategy on past data. Most importantly, the traders feel in-charge, as the strategy allows them to decide on their actions, instead of blindly following a set of rules.
The Bottom Line
A lot of theories and strategies are available on price action trading claiming high success rates, but traders should be aware of survivorship bias, as only success stories make news. Trading does have the potential for making handsome profits. It is up to the individual trader to clearly understand, test, select, decide and act on what meets his requirements for the best possible profit opportunities.
本文翻译由兄弟财经提供
文章来源：http://www.investopedia.com/articles/active-trading/110714/introduction-price-action-trading-strategies.asp