日本云图（Ichimoku Cloud）

日本云图（或称一目均衡图）是结合了传统蜡烛图的先行指标和滞后指标的技术分析方法，并据此来提供全面的交易策略。该指标由日本记者Goichi Hosoda 在20世纪60年代开发，并被译为“一目均衡图”，而“日本云图”是根据字面意思而来。日本云图可以作为一个技术指标单独应用于分钟图、小时图、日线图、周线图以及月线图。

日本云图计算公式

日本云图由5条线组成：

短轴快线（Tenkan-Sen ）
通常指转换线，是最近9日的价格中值——（9日最高价+9日最低价）/2

中轴慢线（Kijun-Sen）
也称作为基准线，是最近26日的价格中值。短轴快线和中轴慢线的用法类似于快、慢移动平均线。日本云图本身就由两条主要的移动平均线组成：

先行带A（Senkou Span A）
先行带A是短轴快线和中轴慢线的中间值，并前移26日。

先行带B（Senkou Span B）
先行带B是52日最高点和最低点的价格中值，同样前移26日。
最后一个是滞后指标：

延迟线（Chikou Span）
延迟线是根据过去的26日收盘价得出。

日本云图交易信号

云带: 寻找趋势
• 当价格位于云带上方，趋势向上。
• 价格在云带下方时，趋势向下。
• 价格在云带内部，趋势不确定。
先行带A在先行带B上方时，云带呈绿色。绿色代表强劲的上升趋势（或微弱的下降趋势），红色表示强劲的下降趋势（或微弱的上升趋势）。

上升趋势的交易策略
如果交易信号产生于云层上方时，那么当前的云层颜色为绿色时的交易信号强于云层为红色。
• 当蓝色线（转换线0向上穿过红色线(基准线 ) 时做多。
• 当价格向上穿过红线时做多。
• 价格自上而下穿过红线时平仓。
• 蓝线向下穿过红线时平仓。

下降趋势的交易策略
如果交易信号产生于云层下方，那么云层颜色为红色的交易信号强于绿色。
• 蓝线向下穿过红线时做空。
• 价格向下穿过红线时做空。
• 当价格向上穿过红线时平仓。
• 蓝线向上穿过红线时平仓。

示例 1

周线图上的标普尔500指数以及日本云图。 

 
价格位于云带上方预示着一个上升趋势。第一个买入的信号是在绿色的云带形成、蓝色的转换线向上穿过红色的基准线的时候。第二个做多信号是在收盘价收于红色基准线的上方的时候（如果采用金字塔式交易方法），同时，绿色的云带显示很强的上升趋势。第三个做多信号是当蓝色的转换线再次向上穿过红色的基准线之后。在收盘价位于红色的基准线或者蓝色的转换线下方的时候平仓。

示例 2

Etrade 金融公司 [ETFC] 股价日线图以及日本云图。

 
价格位于云图上方，表明处于上升趋势中。当价格收盘价在红色的基准线上方时做多，并当收盘价位于基准线下方或蓝色的转换线下方时平仓。

在一个强劲的趋势中
如何去界定趋势是否强劲：蓝色的线始终在红色线的上方。
趋势中，短线交易者或许会发现，红线和蓝线相交的情况很少发生。因此，上升趋势中，短线交易者可以在价格向上穿过蓝线时做多；下降趋势中，收盘价位于蓝线下方时做空。

示例 3

网飞公司的周线图股价以及日本云图。

 
价格位于云图上方预示着价格处于上升趋势。蓝色的线位于红线上方，说明目前趋势强劲。当价格向下穿过蓝线并且收盘价位于蓝线上方时做多，当收盘价在红线下方或者蓝线向下穿过红线时平仓。

长线买入、做空信号
虽然不常用，但如果紫色的延迟线向上穿过价格，则说明是长线买入信号；反之，则是长线做空信号。

Ichimoku Cloud
Ichimoku Cloud (or Ichimoku Kinko Hyo) is a technical analysis method that combines leading and lagging indicators with traditionalcandlestick charts in order to provide a comprehensive trading system. Developed by Japanese journalist Goichi Hosoda in the 1960s, Ichimoku Kinko Hyo is translated as "one balance equilibrium chart", while the common name of Ichimoku Cloud refers to its appearance. Ichimoku can be displayed as a separate indicator in Minute, Hourly, Daily, Weekly or Monthly format.
Ichimoku Cloud Formula
Ichimoku Cloud consists of 5 lines plotted on the Candlestick chart:
Tenkan-Sen
Often referred as the Conversion Line, Tenkan-Sen is simply the mid-point of the latest 9 trading days/periods — the average of a 9-day High and 9-day Low on a daily chart.
Kijun-Sen
Kijun-Sen, or Base Line, is the mid-point of the latest 26 trading days/periods. The two lines (Tenkan-Sen and Kijun-Sen) are used in a similar fashion to fast and slow moving averages.
The "Cloud" itself consists of two leading moving averages:
Senkou Span A
Senkou Span A is the mid-point between the first two lines, Tenkan-Sen and Kijun-Sen, but plotted 26 days/periods ahead of the current period.
Senkou Span B
Senkou Span B is the mid-point between a 52-period High and a 52-period Low and is also plotted 26 days/periods in the future (ahead of the current day).
Last is the lagging indicator:
Chikou Span
Chikou Span is simply the Closing Price, but plotted 26 days/periods in the past.
Ichimoku Cloud Trading Signals
The Cloud: Finding the Trend
• The trend is upward when price is above the Cloud.
• The trend is downward when price is below the Cloud.
• The trend is flat (undetermined) when price is in the Cloud.
The Cloud is green when Senkou Span A is above Span B. A predominantly green cloud indicates a strong up-trend (or weak down-trend), while a predominantly red cloud indicates a strong down-trend (or weak up-trend).
Trading in an Up-trend
Signals above the Cloud where the latest Cloud color (ahead) is green are stronger than where the color is red.
• Go long when Tenkan-Sen (blue) crosses above Kijun-Sen (red).
• Go long when Price crosses above the Kijun-Sen (red) line.
• Exit when Price crosses below Kijun-Sen (red).
• Exit when Tenkan-Sen (blue) crosses below Kijun-Sen (red).
Trading in a Down-trend
Signals below the Cloud where the latest Cloud color (ahead) is red are stronger than where the color is green.
• Go short when Tenkan-Sen (blue) crosses below Kijun-Sen (red).
• Go short when Price crosses below the Kijun-Sen (red) line.
• Exit when Price crosses above Kijun-Sen (red).
• Exit when Tenkan-Sen (blue) crosses above Kijun-Sen (red).
EXAMPLE 1
The S&P 500 index is plotted on a weekly chart with Ichimoku Cloud.
Price above the Cloud indicates an up-trend. The first buy signal is when the blue line (Tenkan-Sen) crosses above the red (Kijun-Sen), after the green Cloud indicates the trend is firmly established. The second long entry (if pyramiding) is when Price closes above the red (Kijun-Sen) line. Again, the green cloud indicates an established trend. A third entry signal is available when the blue line (Tenkan-Sen) again crosses above the red (Kijun-Sen). Exit if Price closes below the red line (Kijun-Sen) — or the blue line (Tenkan-Sen) crosses below the red.
EXAMPLE 2
Etrade Financial Corporation [ETFC] is plotted on a daily chart with Ichimoku Cloud.
Price above the Cloud indicates an up-trend. Enter long when Price closes above the red (Kijun-Sen) line. The green cloud indicates an established trend. Exit if Price closes below the red line (Kijun-Sen) or the blue line (Tenkan-Sen) crosses below the red.
In a Strong Trend
How to identify a strong trend: the blue line does not cross below the red.
In a strong trend, short-term traders may find that crosses of the red (Kijun-Sen) line are few and far between. Consider long entries where Price closes above the blue (Tenkan-Sen) line and short entries (in a down-trend only) when Price closes below the line.
EXAMPLE 3
Netflix [NFLX] is plotted on a weekly chart with Ichimoku Cloud.
Price above the Cloud indicates an up-trend. The blue line (Tenkan-Sen) holding above the red (Kijun-Sen) indicates a strong trend. Enter when Price dips below and then closes back above the blue line. Exit if Price closes below the red line (Kijun-Sen) or the blue line (Tenkan-Sen) crosses below the red.
Long-term Buy/Sell Signals
Not used as much, but if the purple line (Chikou) crosses above Price, that is a long-term buy signal, while a cross below Price is a long-term sell signal.
Ichimoku Cloud Setup
Select Indicators and Ichimoku Cloud in the left column of the Indicator Panel. See Indicator Panel for directions on how to set up an indicator. To alter the default settings - Edit Indicator Settings.
Ichimoku Cloud Colors
Open the legend by clicking "L" on the toolbar or typing "L" on your keyboard. Adjust individual colors by selecting the color patches next to each indicator line in the legend.

本文翻译由兄弟财经提供

文章来源：http://www.incrediblecharts.com/indicators/ichimoku-cloud.php