大数据和人工智能怎样影响投资

  Jennifer Wills  2016年9月25日

散户投资者不是总有时间进行赚钱机会的研究。幸运的是，大数据和人工智能的兴起能帮助个人投资者做出更明智的投资选择。

数据挖掘技术的使用

由于数据发觉技术的公开，现在个人投资者可以获得以前机构投资者才能得到信息和市场预测。许多投资者认为华尔街在向公众开放大数据时比较犹豫，因为这将对许多投资公司的赚钱能力造成潜在威胁。如果散户投资者能够获得和机构投资相同的信息和金融预测，个人执行的工作可能要比金融公司提供的服务多，最终导致金融公司的损失。

个性化投资服务

由于大数据的出现，金融行业正在学习更加贴近投资者并了解投资者投资组合、需求和目标以便提供更加个性化的服务。例如，除了简单的出售产品和赚钱，金融顾问必须解释适合每个客户目标的投资机会，以便客户能了解投资的基础和赚钱的可能。

由于赌博长久以来对的人类心理的影响，类似的技术也将会被运用到投资者中。更多的手机应用将能用于调查、购买和出售投资。随着金融行业将其注意力从中产阶级男性转移到更广泛的客户基础，将会出现更多创造财富机会。

人工智能和交易

算法交易现在占全球每天交易的70%。因此，在交易了167年后，芝加哥商品交易所在2016年关闭了其大部分交易大厅，因为交易员正在迅速被人工智能取代。同样的，纽约证券交易所和纳斯达克的约75%交易是由机器实现的，这导致了更多的失业。

人工智能不断获得更多的经验并在运行中获得更多的信息，使极其的表现可能超过人类。例如，高盛利用人工智能分析大数据以及天气、新闻和事件对金融市场的影响。另外，2015年推出的对冲基金中有接近40%使用人工智能做投资决定。此外，在过去七年中，使用人工智能的基金变现通常好于证券和其他基金。表现没有其他基金好的对冲基金从错误中吸取了教训。

取代金融分析师

许多投资者相信人工智能将会取代投资分析师。由于花费大量时间收集和分析数据，人工智能能在几分钟实现这些功能，使用人工智能将节省大量的时间和金钱。另外，人类需要大量时间来发展并从错误中学习，而人工智能能迅速纠正自己的错误。此外，人类在接受市场环境的变化时可能很缓慢，而人工智能能迅速自动接受这些变缓。

经纪公司和人工智能

许多经纪公司向人工智能提供客户信息以便更好的配置投资组合。将每个投资者收入、风险状况、期望回报和其他信息输入一个电脑。软件将会将会根据这些信息选择合适的投资并进行日常管理。

使用人工智能的散户投资者能节省时间和资金，不需要支付个人金融顾问的调查、选择和管理投资组合费用。同时，使用人工智能的基金不收取通常投资公司收取的管理费用。此外，人工智能能在非常短的时间内实现交易，电脑可以发现股票和指数的小价格变化获得更多利润。而且人工智能不会有恐惧心理，这意味着他们不太可能在市场下跌时出售和在市场上涨时买入。

总结

大数据和人工智能似乎将会成为未来的是市场主导。通过不断的使用和改进，二者将会很可能继续改进散户投资者的赚钱方式并塑造金融领域的未来。

How Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Affect Investing

By Jennifer Wills | September 25, 2016 — 8:00 AM EDT

Retail investors do not always have time to research opportunities for making money. Fortunately, the rise of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) is helping individual investors make more informed investment choices.

Access to Data Mining

Due to the increase in data mining becoming available for the public, investors can gain information and insights in the marketplace that were formerly available only to institutional investors. Many investors believe that Wall Street was hesitant to accept making big data available to the public because it posed a potential threat to the ways many investment firms make money. If retail investors are able to gain the same facts and financial forecasts as institutional investors, individuals may perform more of the work themselves rather than utilizing the firms’ services, resulting in substantial losses.

Personalizing Investment Services

Because of big data, the financial industry is learning how to get closer to investors and learn about each client’s portfolio, needs and objectives for a more personalized service. For example, rather than simply selling financial products and making money, advisors must explain investment opportunities that best suit each client’s objectives so that clients understand the basis for investing and the potential for earning money.

Due to the rise of gaming engaging people’s minds for long time periods, similar technology will be used to engage investors digitally. More mobile applications will be available for researching, buying and selling investments. More opportunities for wealth creation will become available as the financial industry shifts its focus from largely middle-class males to a much more varied client base.

Artificial Intelligence and Trading

Algorithmic trading comprises approximately 70% of trades made on worldwide exchanges daily. Because of this, after 167 years of trading, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange Group closed most of its doors in 2016 because traders were rapidly being replaced by AI. Also, approximately 75% of trades on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations System (NASDAQ) are performed by machines, which may lead to further job losses.

AI continually gains more experience and digests more information as it operates, potentially allowing machines to outperform humans. For example, Goldman Sachs (NYSE: GS) uses AI for analyzing big data and how weather, news and events impact financial markets. Also, approximately 40% of hedge funds launched in 2015 used AI for making investment decisions. In addition, for the past seven years, funds based on AI have often outperformed equities and other funds. Hedge funds that failed to outperform other funds learned how to improve based on their mistakes.

Replacement of Financial Analysts

Many investors believe that AI will take the place of investment analysts. Because analysts spend hours collecting and analyzing data, and AI can perform those functions in minutes, much time and money is saved by using machines. Also, humans take time to evolve and learn from their mistakes, whereas AI may correct its errors in minutes. In addition, humans may be slow to adapt to changing market conditions, whereas machines adapt quickly and without human input.

Brokerage Firms and Artificial Intelligence

Many brokerage companies supply client information to machines for better portfolio management. Each investor’s income, risk profile, expected return and other details are entered into a computer. The software creates a selection of appropriate investments and manages them daily.

Benefits of Artificial Intelligence

Retail investors may save time and money utilizing AI for investing rather than paying personal advisors to research, select and manage their portfolios. Also, funds chosen by a machine do not have the management costs typically charged by investment firms. In addition, because AI can place trades in less than one second, computers can exploit small changes in stock prices or indexes to bring in more profit. Furthermore, machines do not understand greed or fear, meaning they are unlikely to sell when the market is down or buy when the market is up.

The Bottom Line

Big data and AI appear to be here to stay. Through continued use and improvement, the two are likely to continue improving how retail investors grow their money and shape the future of the financial sector.

本文翻译由兄弟财经提供

文章来源：http://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets-economy/092516/how-big-data-and-artificial-intelligence-affect-investing.asp